DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM) IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES OF SOUTH WEST, NIGERIA
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Statement of the Problem
Arayici, Khosrowshahi, Ponting and Mihindu (2009) described Building Information Modeling as lifecycle evaluation concept that seeks to integrate processes throughout the entire lifecycle of a construction project. Hence, the focus of BIM is to create and re-use consistent digital information by the stakeholders throughout the project lifecycle. However, the traditional construction project delivery approach of Design-Bid-Build fragments the roles of participants during design and construction phases. This hinders the collaborative involvement of the general contractor or the construction manager during the design phase. Furthermore, the traditional practice of two dimensional drawings at the design phase does not promote a true collaborative approach in such that the Architects and Engineers produce their own fragmented drawings to relay design information to the owners and the contractors. These drawings are not integrated and usually pose conflicts of information which result in inefficiency in project delivery. Traditionally, the inter-disciplinary collaboration in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries has revolved around the exchange of Two-Dimensional drawings and documents. Amor, Jiang and Chen (2007) noted that even though the separate design disciplines have been using Three-Dimensional models and applications for visualization and design development, the collaboration practices have remained more or less Two-Dimensionalbased until recently. The widespread use and proliferation of object-oriented Computer-Aided 6 Design (CAD) packages and increased constructability and level of automation in Tertiary Institution construction processes provides and encourages motives for the exchange of ThreeDimensional data in the collaboration process (Sacks, Treckmann, and Rozenfeld 2009). However most contractors complain about poor design works which lacks better understanding and details. The consequence of this effect call for several meetings with the design teams and it slow down the workflow of all trades undertaken on the said project. Sometimes, the building owner’s wishes are not well documented during the beginning of the project. Lack of documenting the important information in the tender documents affects the various construction phases and at the same time the profit margin of the construction company in question is also affected. According to Abolore (2012), construction project delivery has not received the necessary attention it requires to positively impact on the way construction projects are executed just like other developing countries. Hence, the construction industry in Nigeria has been wasteful and inefficient in its activities of creating human habitat who highlighted some of the problems of traditional method of construction that lead to project delivery and productivity as Design problems, Managerial and supervision of contracts, financial issues, politics, complex problems procedures. The foregoing are pointers to the wide gap that exists in the level of knowledge required for effective implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in south-west universities in Nigeria. Succar (2009) has been the leading voice in the implementation of BIM thereby establishing the difference between conventional (method) of construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM). However, most contractors complain of poor design works which lack better understanding and details. The consequence of this effect call for several meetings with the design teams and it 7 slows down the workflow of all trades undertaken on the said project. Sometimes, the building owner’s wishes are not well documented during the beginning of the project. Moreso, lack of documenting important information in the tender documents also affects the various construction phases and at the same time the profit margin of the construction company handling the project in question is also affected. Also, there is lack of construction professional with the technical know-how on project management and execution, due to this most of the tradesmen (artisans) on the sites failed to go for further training in order to acquire more knowledge for project performance. One of the biggest problems that contractors do encounter day in and day out in the execution of project in terms of projecst handled in the universities is cash flow. Most of the interviewed contractors handling projects expressed their frustration in payment of project execution most especially from governmental projects. Any time there is delay in payment, banks find it difficult to offer contactors funds for their project and sometimes, these cash come with high interest because the banks consider these contractors as higher risk. Moreover, the method of construction of projects in the construction industry and Universities is Traditional method and this has led to non-delivery of project to time, cost and quality. Also so many projects have been delayed, abandoned not delivered to time in the Federal Universities in the south west such as four blocks of hostel for students, postgraduate buildings in Federal University of Technology, Akure, Faculty Lecture Theatre Hall and Museum at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, laboratories and offices in Federal university of Agriculture, Abeokuta and Federal university, Oye. But BIM is envisaged to play a significant role in this 8 transformation. However, the adoption of BIM brings with it several barriers, some involving technological, sociological or legal issues. This has brought about reluctance within some firms to adopt BIM as a strategy. Summarily, as a result of non-collaboration and fragmentation nature of Architect and the Engineer used to design for their clients at the design phase, this has led to non-delivery of projects to time and to quality. the requirements for the deployment of BIM demand a whole paradigm shift in working relationship among professionals in the physical planning units of the study area this will necessitate the need to explain the implementation and adoption of BIM among stakeholders for the selected projects, with a view to developing a framework to enhance effective public building project delivery in the study area.
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